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Web OS 1
0.0 App
lication
Guide
12
Contents
212777-A
, Febr
uary
2002
Configur
ing Bandwidth Manag
ement
454
Addition
al Configu
ration Exa
mples
457
Prefer
ential Servi
ces Exam
ples
460
Glossary
471
Index
475
1
2
...
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
...
481
482
Web OS Switch Software
1
10.0 Application Guide
1
212777-A, February 2002
2
Web OS 10.0 Application Guide
10
Contents
10
Contents
11
Glossary 471
12
Index 475
12
Figures
14
Figures
15
Tables
18
New Features
19
Who Should Use This Guide
21
Preface
22
Typographic Conventions
23
Contacting Us
24
Basic IP Routing
27
IP Routing Benefits
28
Routing Between IP Subnets
28
Chapter 1: Basic IP Routing
29
Chapter 1: Basic IP Routing
30
Example of Subnet Routing
31
Route Cache
35
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
36
DHCP Relay
41
CHAPTER 2
43
VLAN ID Numbers
44
VLAN Tagging
44
VLANs and the IP Interfaces
45
Chapter 2: VLANs
46
Chapter 2: VLANs
47
Multiple Spanning Trees
51
VLANs and Default Gateways
58
Configuring the Local Network
60
VLANs and Jumbo Frames
63
Figure 2-7 Jumbo Frame VLANs
64
Aggregate Port Trunk
65
Statistical Load Distribution
66
Built-In Fault Tolerance
66
Port Trunking Example
67
OSPF Overview
69
ABR = Area Border Router
70
ASBR = Autonomous System
70
Boundary Router
70
Types of OSPF Routing Devices
71
Neighbors and Adjacencies
72
The Link-State Database
72
The Shortest Path First Tree
73
OSPF Implementation in Web OS
74
Defining Areas
75
Interface Cost
77
Summarizing Routes
77
Default Routes
78
Virtual Links
79
Router ID
80
Authentication
80
Chapter 4: OSPF
82
OSPF Configuration Examples
83
Example 1: Simple OSPF Domain
84
Example 2: Virtual Links
86
Other Virtual Link Options
89
Example 3: Summarizing Routes
90
Stub Area
92
Backbone
92
5. Define the backbone
97
6. Define the stub area
97
Verifying OSPF Configuration
98
Secure Switch Management
101
Requirements
102
Internet
103
Web Switch User Accounts
105
Secure Shell and Secure Copy
107
SCP Services
108
RSA Host and Server Keys
109
Radius Authentication
110
SecurID Support
110
Configuring SSH/SCP
111
212777-A, February 2002
112
Port Mirroring
113
Part 2: Web Switching
115
Fundamentals
115
Web Switching Fundamentals
116
Server Load Balancing
117
Network Topology Requirements
122
IP Address Ranges Using imask
129
Configuring Multiple Services
130
Minimum Misses
131
Least Connections
132
Round Robin
132
Response Time
133
Bandwidth
133
Weights for Real Servers
134
Backup/Overflow Servers
135
Extending SLB Topologies
136
Mapping Ports
139
Load Balancing Metric
141
Direct Server Interaction
142
Layer 2 Switch
143
Web Switch
143
Server farm
143
Using Proxy IP Addresses
144
Monitoring Real Servers
145
Normal Request
146
DoS SYN Attack
146
Configuring Delayed Binding
148
Detecting SYN Attacks
148
IP Server Load Balancing
149
FTP Server Load Balancing
150
Preconfiguration Tasks
152
RTSP Implementation
156
Using RADIUS Snooping
160
Configuring RADIUS Snooping
161
WAN Link Load Balancing
166
Filtering
169
Overview
170
Stacking Filters
172
Overlapping Filters
172
The Default Filter
173
VLAN-based Filtering
174
Optimizing Filter Performance
176
Filter Logs
176
IP Address Ranges
178
TCP Rate Limiting
179
Chapter 7: Filtering
181
Real serversClients
183
Filter-based Security
185
For UDP:
189
Similarly, for TCP:
189
Network Address Translation
191
Configuring Static NAT
192
Dynamic NAT
193
Configuring Dynamic NAT
194
FTP Client NAT
195
Matching TCP Flags
197
Matching ICMP Message Types
201
Chapter 7: Filtering
202
Application Redirection
203
Client Switch
205
RTSP Web Cache Redirection
211
IP Proxy Addresses for NAT
213
Excluding Noncacheable Sites
215
Virtual Matrix Architecture
217
Health Checking
219
Chapter 10: Health Checking
220
Real Server Health Checks
221
DSR Health Checks
222
Link Health Checks
223
TCP Health Checks
224
ICMP Health Checks
224
Script-Based Health Checks
225
Script Format
226
Script Configuration Examples
227
Scripting Guidelines
227
HTTP Health Checks
231
UDP-Based DNS Health Checks
233
FTP Server Health Checks
234
POP3 Server Health Checks
235
SMTP Server Health Checks
236
IMAP Server Health Checks
237
NNTP Server Health Checks
238
RADIUS Server Health Checks
239
WAP Gateway Health Checks
240
WSP Content Health Checks
241
WTLS Health Checks
242
LDAP Health Checks
243
ARP Health Checks
245
Failure Types
246
High Availability
247
VRRP Overview
248
Virtual Router MAC Address
249
Owners and Renters
249
VRRP Operation
251
Active-Standby Failover
252
Failover Methods
253
Active-Standby Redundancy
254
Active-Active Redundancy
255
Hot-Standby Redundancy
256
Virtual Router Group
257
Synchronizing Configurations
258
Web OS Extensions to VRRP
259
Master-Active VR 1
260
Tracking VRRP Router Priority
261
Parameter Description
262
Task 2: SLB Configuration
269
Task 4: Configuring Switch 2
273
Configuration Procedure
276
Persistent Sessions
283
On the Master Switch
285
On the Backup Switch
285
If the switch is a master:
286
If the switch is a backup:
286
Part 3: Advanced Web
287
Switching
287
Advanced Web Switching
288
Global Server Load Balancing
289
GSLB Overview
290
How GSLB Works
291
Configuring GSLB
293
How IP Proxy Works
305
Verifying GSLB Operation
308
Firewall Load Balancing
313
Firewall Overview
314
Basic FWLB
316
Basic FWLB Implementation
317
Configuring Basic FWLB
319
Four-Subnet FWLB
326
Configuring Four-Subnet FWLB
329
Configure the Routers
330
Configure the Firewalls
330
Verify Proper Connectivity
337
Advanced FWLB Concepts
346
>> # ../group 1
347
Note: There can be
349
Firewall Health Checks
351
Using HTTP Health Checks
352
Virtual Private Network Load
353
Balancing
353
7. Enable SLB
361
1. Turn off BOOTP
365
3. Turn off STP
365
Test the VPN
369
Content Intelligent Switching
371
Parsing Content
373
HTTP Header Inspection
374
Virtual Hosting
380
Browser-Smart Load Balancing
386
Configuring URL Hashing
387
Header Hash Load Balancing
389
DNS Load Balancing
390
Layer 7 RTSP Load Balancing
392
Example 1: Hashing on the URL
407
Regular Expression Matching
412
/cfg/slb/layer7/slb/add
413
Content Precedence Lookup
414
Layer 7 Deny Filter
417
Persistence
421
Overview of Persistence
422
Using Cookies
423
Using SSL Session ID
423
Cookie-Based Persistence
424
Cookie Formats
425
Cookie Properties
426
Cookie Modes of Operation
427
Passive Cookie Mode
428
Rewrite Cookie Mode
429
Chapter 16: Persistence
433
Example 2: Parsing the Cookie
434
Chapter 16: Persistence
440
Bandwidth Management
441
Bandwidth Policies
444
Rate Limits
445
Data Pacing
446
Classification Criteria
447
Combinations
448
Precedence
448
Frame Discard
449
Cache servers
450
Statistics Maintained
452
Operational Keys
453
Web Site Preference Example
460
Security Management Example
468
Glossary
471
Glossary
474
Numerics
475
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